Rooftop photovoltaic (PV) brackets are the core structural system installed on building roofs to fix and support PV modules. They consist of columns, beams, and various connecting fasteners. Based on roof type, they are mainly divided into flat roof brackets (often using concrete counterweight foundations to avoid damaging the waterproofing layer) and pitched roof brackets (fixed to the roof tiles or corrugated steel sheets using special hooks or clamps).

Based on installation method, they can be divided into fixed (most common) and adjustable/tracking types. Based on materials, they commonly use hot-dip galvanized steel (high strength, low cost) or aluminum alloy (lightweight and corrosion-resistant).

Floating photovoltaic systems refer to photovoltaic modules installed on the water surface (such as lakes, reservoirs, and ponds) to generate electricity. They mainly consist of photovoltaic panels, high-density polyethylene floats, anchoring systems, inverters, and waterproof cables. They are suitable for waters with considerable depth where piling is not feasible.

Their greatest advantage lies in saving valuable land resources. Simultaneously, the cooling effect of the water can improve power generation efficiency by approximately 10%–20%, and surface coverage can reduce evaporation by up to 70% and inhibit algae growth, achieving a synergy between power generation, water conservation, and ecological benefits.

Solar energy ground support structure refers to a supporting system installed on the ground foundation and used to fix and bear the photovoltaic components. It is an essential component of the ground-based photovoltaic power station, directly determining the orientation, inclination angle and overall stability of the components, and affecting the power generation efficiency and safety of the power station throughout its entire life cycle.

Solar tracking systems effectively improve irradiance reception efficiency and power generation revenue by driving photovoltaic modules to follow the sun's position in real time. They are mainly divided into three types: horizontal single-axis (high cost-effectiveness, simple structure), inclined single-axis, and dual-axis (all-angle tracking, higher gain).

Compared to fixed brackets, they can typically increase power generation by 15% to 25%. The system integrates key technologies such as intelligent tracking algorithms, independent or linked control, rotary drive, and wind control protection. It is widely applicable to large-scale ground-mounted power plants, agricultural-solar hybrid projects, and projects in complex terrain, and is a core efficiency-enhancing device for reducing the cost per kilowatt-hour and adapting to large-size modules.

The core of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) lies in using photovoltaic modules directly as building materials, designing and constructing them simultaneously with the building, achieving a deep integration of power generation, building materials and aesthetics, thereby transforming the building from an energy consumer into a producer.